🏦 Venture Capital (VC)
Firms that manage pooled funds to acquire equity in high-growth startups, investing from early to growth stages with strategic support. VCs raise capital from limited partners (LPs) — pension funds, endowments, family offices — and typically take board seats, actively supporting portfolio companies throughout their journey.
Equity stakes
LP-backed
Board involvement
Early → Growth
Examples: LocalGlobe, Sequoia Capital, Index Ventures, Balderton Capital
🏗️ Corporate Venture Fund (CVC)
Investment arms affiliated with large companies that invest in startups for both strategic and financial returns. CVCs often back companies aligned with the parent's core business, offering not just capital but distribution, partnerships, and potential acquisition pathways. Filtering for the parent company's rounds also captures its CVC investments.
Strategic alignment
Parent company-backed
Distribution access
Examples: Equinor Ventures, Google Ventures (GV), Salesforce Ventures, Samsung NEXT
🏢 Corporate Investors
Established companies that invest in startups directly or through dedicated CVC funds, backing startups that align with their strategic objectives. Distinct from pure CVCs in that the investment activity sits closer to the parent company's core operations rather than a separate fund vehicle.
Direct or fund-based
Strategically motivated
Examples: Amazon, Microsoft, Salesforce
📊 Private Equity (PE)
Investors who acquire ownership stakes in private companies to scale operations, improve performance, or restructure for profitability. PE typically targets more mature businesses — often with stable cash flows — applies operational improvements, and exits within 3–7 years via sale or IPO. Increasingly active in late-stage tech and SaaS.
Majority stakes
Mature businesses
Operational focus
3–7 yr exit horizon
Examples: KKR, Blackstone, Vista Equity Partners, Thoma Bravo
🌐 Sovereign Wealth Funds
State-owned investment funds managing a country's reserves for long-term returns. Sovereign wealth funds invest in startups with strategic, economic, or financial objectives — often at late stages or through LP commitments to VC funds. Became a major force in global tech investing over the past decade.
State-owned
Long-term horizon
Late-stage or LP
Examples: Temasek (Singapore), GIC, Mubadala (UAE), PIF (Saudi Arabia)