Historically all novel drugs were required to be tested on animals in order to be approved for clinical trials, since the end of 2022, the FDA waived this requirement. Instead new technologies such as organ on chips, tissue bioprinting, lab grown skin models, etc. are being developed and increasingly accepted. On top of the ethical reasoning, animal testing is lacking accuracy. More than 90% of drugs entering clinical trials fail, despite positive results in preclinical animal tests. Most of these drugs fail for reasons of toxicity and poor efficacy that were not detected in animals.