The net-zero transition will require significantly scaling up mining for certain minerals. Lithium, copper, nickel, cobalt, and rare earths are particularly critical for electrification. There are way more than enough global resources to power the transition. The challenge is extracting them in time and minimizing environmental and social impact. The transition is a "problem of flows, not of stocks". Also, half of all material extraction today is fossil fuels and a renewable transition could slash mining demand by 45% by 2050. Many startups are tackling this by bringing mining innovations areas such as deposit discovery (e.g. with AI, satellite & aerial imaging), new mining & processing techniques, autonomous & electrified mining equipment, remediation and waste management and much more. Mining hubs like Australia and Canada show a vibrant mining startups scene, as well as the US.